diff --git a/.github/workflows/test_nixos_full.yml b/.github/workflows/test_nixos_full.yml
index 97b485bd6..d18141078 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test_nixos_full.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test_nixos_full.yml
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test nix commands
         run: |
           make nixos NIXOS_DISK_SIZE_IN_MB=6144 NIXOS_TEST_COMMAND='test-nix-commands'
-          make run_nixos || true
+          make run_nixos
 
       - name: Check results
         run: |
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run podman commands
         run: |
           make nixos NIXOS_DISK_SIZE_IN_MB=8192 NIXOS_TEST_COMMAND='test-podman'
-          make run_nixos || true
+          make run_nixos
 
       - name: Check results
         run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test_nixos_minimal.yml b/.github/workflows/test_nixos_minimal.yml
index a0fdc2785..c852ded16 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test_nixos_minimal.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test_nixos_minimal.yml
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ jobs:
           image: asterinas/asterinas:0.17.0-20251228
           options: --privileged -v /dev:/dev -v ${{ github.workspace }}:/root/asterinas
           run: |
-            make nixos NIXOS_DISK_SIZE_IN_MB=6144 NIXOS_TEST_COMMAND='hello-asterinas' || true
-            make run_nixos || true
+            make nixos NIXOS_DISK_SIZE_IN_MB=6144 NIXOS_TEST_COMMAND='hello-asterinas'
+            make run_nixos
       - name: Check results
         run: |
           tail --lines 10 ${{ github.workspace }}/qemu.log | grep -q "^Hello Asterinas!" || (echo "Test NixOS failed" && exit 1)
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 5aa0f92e6..d1cf8c06f 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ iso:
 # Build the Asterinas NixOS ISO installer image and then do installation
 run_iso: OVMF = off
 run_iso:
-	@./tools/nixos/run_iso.sh
+	@./tools/nixos/run.sh iso
 
 # Create an Asterinas NixOS installation on host
 nixos: BOOT_PROTOCOL = linux-efi-handover64
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ nixos:
 # run the NixOS
 run_nixos: OVMF = off
 run_nixos:
-	@./tools/nixos/run_nixos.sh target/nixos
+	@./tools/nixos/run.sh nixos
 
 # Build the Asterinas NixOS patched packages
 cachix:
diff --git a/osdk/src/bundle/mod.rs b/osdk/src/bundle/mod.rs
index 78aa00015..6c9ff42a6 100644
--- a/osdk/src/bundle/mod.rs
+++ b/osdk/src/bundle/mod.rs
@@ -296,9 +296,14 @@ impl Bundle {
             let qemu_exit_code = exit_status.code().unwrap();
             let kernel_exit_code = qemu_exit_code >> 1;
             match kernel_exit_code {
-                0x10 /*ostd::QemuExitCode::Success*/ => { std::process::exit(0); },
-                0x20 /*ostd::QemuExitCode::Failed*/ => { std::process::exit(1); },
-                _ /* unknown, e.g., a triple fault */ => { std::process::exit(2) },
+                // Success exit through ACPI.
+                0x0 => std::process::exit(0),
+                // Corresponds to `ostd::QemuExitCode::Success`.
+                0x10 => std::process::exit(0),
+                // Corresponds to `ostd::QemuExitCode::Failed`.
+                0x20 => std::process::exit(1),
+                // Unknown exit code, e.g., a triple fault.
+                _ => std::process::exit(2),
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/tools/nixos/run.sh b/tools/nixos/run.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1e8fd8bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/nixos/run.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+# Run a NixOS installation or NixOS ISO installer image built by the root Makefile inside a VM
+#
+# Usage: ./run.sh [nixos | iso]
+
+set -e
+
+usage() {
+    echo "Usage: $0 [nixos | iso]"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+if [ "$#" -ne 1 ]; then
+    usage
+fi
+
+MODE=$1
+SCRIPT_DIR=$(dirname "$0")
+ASTERINAS_DIR=$(realpath "${SCRIPT_DIR}/../..")
+
+# Base QEMU arguments
+BASE_QEMU_ARGS="qemu-system-x86_64 \
+    -bios /root/ovmf/release/OVMF.fd \
+"
+
+# Mode-specific QEMU arguments
+case "$MODE" in
+    nixos)
+        NIXOS_DIR="${ASTERINAS_DIR}/target/nixos"
+        QEMU_ARGS="${BASE_QEMU_ARGS} \
+            -drive if=none,format=raw,id=u0,file=${NIXOS_DIR}/asterinas.img \
+            -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=u0,disable-legacy=on,disable-modern=off \
+        "
+        ;;
+    iso)
+        ASTER_IMAGE_PATH=${ASTERINAS_DIR}/target/nixos/asterinas.img
+        NIXOS_DISK_SIZE_IN_MB=${NIXOS_DISK_SIZE_IN_MB:-8192}
+        ISO_IMAGE_PATH=$(find "${ASTERINAS_DIR}/target/nixos/iso_image/iso" -name "*.iso" | head -n 1)
+
+        if [ ! -f "$ISO_IMAGE_PATH" ]; then
+            echo "Error: ISO_IMAGE not found!"
+            exit 1
+        fi
+
+        rm -f "${ASTER_IMAGE_PATH}"
+        echo "Creating image at ${ASTER_IMAGE_PATH} of size ${NIXOS_DISK_SIZE_IN_MB}MB......"
+        dd if=/dev/zero of="${ASTER_IMAGE_PATH}" bs=1M count=${NIXOS_DISK_SIZE_IN_MB} status=none
+        echo "Image created successfully!"
+
+        QEMU_ARGS="${BASE_QEMU_ARGS} \
+            -cdrom ${ISO_IMAGE_PATH} -boot d \
+            -drive if=none,format=raw,id=u0,file=${ASTER_IMAGE_PATH} \
+            -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=u0,disable-legacy=on,disable-modern=off \
+        "
+        ;;
+    *)
+        usage
+        ;;
+esac
+
+if [ "${ENABLE_KVM}" = "1" ]; then
+    QEMU_ARGS="${QEMU_ARGS} -accel kvm"
+fi
+
+COMMON_QEMU_ARGS=$(${ASTERINAS_DIR}/tools/qemu_args.sh common 2>/dev/null)
+QEMU_ARGS="
+    ${QEMU_ARGS} \
+    ${COMMON_QEMU_ARGS} \
+"
+
+# The kernel uses a specific value to signal a successful shutdown via the
+# isa-debug-exit device.
+KERNEL_SUCCESS_EXIT_CODE=16 # 0x10 in hexadecimal
+# QEMU translates the value written to the isa-debug-exit device into a final
+# process exit code using following formula.
+QEMU_SUCCESS_EXIT_CODE=$(((KERNEL_SUCCESS_EXIT_CODE << 1) | 1))
+
+# Execute QEMU
+# shellcheck disable=SC2086
+${QEMU_ARGS} || exit_code=$?
+exit_code=${exit_code:-0}
+
+# Check if the execution was successful:
+# - Exit code 0: Normal successful exit (e.g., ACPI shutdown or clean termination)
+# - Exit code $QEMU_SUCCESS_EXIT_CODE: Kernel signaled success via isa-debug-exit device
+if [ ${exit_code} -eq 0 ] || [ ${exit_code} -eq ${QEMU_SUCCESS_EXIT_CODE} ]; then
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+exit ${exit_code}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/nixos/run_iso.sh b/tools/nixos/run_iso.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index ca0c47835..000000000
--- a/tools/nixos/run_iso.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
-
-set -e
-
-SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd)
-ASTERINAS_DIR=$(realpath ${SCRIPT_DIR}/../..)
-ASTER_IMAGE_PATH=${ASTERINAS_DIR}/target/nixos/asterinas.img
-NIXOS_DISK_SIZE_IN_MB=${NIXOS_DISK_SIZE_IN_MB:-8192}
-ISO_IMAGE_PATH=$(realpath ${ASTERINAS_DIR}/target/nixos/iso_image/iso/*.iso)
-
-if [ ! -f "$ISO_IMAGE_PATH" ]; then
-    echo "Error: ISO_IMAGE not found!"
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-rm -f ${ASTER_IMAGE_PATH}
-echo "Creating image at ${ASTER_IMAGE_PATH} of size ${NIXOS_DISK_SIZE_IN_MB}MB......"
-dd if=/dev/zero of=${ASTER_IMAGE_PATH} bs=1M count=${NIXOS_DISK_SIZE_IN_MB}
-echo "Image created successfully!"
-
-QEMU_ARGS="qemu-system-x86_64 \
-	-bios /root/ovmf/release/OVMF.fd \
-	-cdrom ${ISO_IMAGE_PATH} -boot d \
-	-drive if=none,format=raw,id=u0,file=${ASTER_IMAGE_PATH} \
-	-device virtio-blk-pci,drive=u0,disable-legacy=on,disable-modern=off \
-"
-
-if [ "${ENABLE_KVM}" = "1" ]; then
-	QEMU_ARGS="${QEMU_ARGS} -accel kvm"
-fi
-
-COMMON_QEMU_ARGS=$(${SCRIPT_DIR}/../qemu_args.sh common 2>/dev/null)
-QEMU_ARGS="
-	${QEMU_ARGS} \
-	${COMMON_QEMU_ARGS} \
-"
-
-${QEMU_ARGS}
diff --git a/tools/nixos/run_nixos.sh b/tools/nixos/run_nixos.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index f6cbdbecb..000000000
--- a/tools/nixos/run_nixos.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
-
-set -e
-
-NIXOS_DIR=$(realpath $1)
-QEMU_ARGS="qemu-system-x86_64 \
-	-bios /root/ovmf/release/OVMF.fd \
-	-drive if=none,format=raw,id=u0,file=${NIXOS_DIR}/asterinas.img \
-	-device virtio-blk-pci,drive=u0,disable-legacy=on,disable-modern=off \
-"
-
-if [ "${ENABLE_KVM}" = "1" ]; then
-	QEMU_ARGS="${QEMU_ARGS} -accel kvm"
-fi
-
-COMMON_QEMU_ARGS=$(${NIXOS_DIR}/../../tools/qemu_args.sh common 2>/dev/null)
-QEMU_ARGS="
-	${QEMU_ARGS} \
-	${COMMON_QEMU_ARGS} \
-"
-
-${QEMU_ARGS}