diff --git a/kernel/comps/time/src/clocksource.rs b/kernel/comps/time/src/clocksource.rs
index 61780bb0d..3cd216128 100644
--- a/kernel/comps/time/src/clocksource.rs
+++ b/kernel/comps/time/src/clocksource.rs
@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@ use core::{cmp::max, ops::Add, time::Duration};
 use aster_util::coeff::Coeff;
 use ostd::sync::{LocalIrqDisabled, RwLock};
 
-use crate::NANOS_PER_SECOND;
+const NANOS_PER_SECOND: u32 = 1_000_000_000;
 
 /// `ClockSource` is an abstraction for hardware-assisted timing mechanisms.
+///
 /// A `ClockSource` can be created based on any counter that operates at a stable frequency.
 /// Users are able to measure time by retrieving `Instant` from this source.
 ///
@@ -60,8 +61,9 @@ pub struct ClockSource {
 
 impl ClockSource {
     /// Creates a new `ClockSource` instance.
-    /// Require basic information of based time counter, including the function for reading cycles,
-    /// the frequency and the maximum delay seconds to update this `ClockSource`.
+    ///
+    /// This method requires basic information of the time counter, including the function for
+    /// reading cycles, the frequency, and the maximum delay seconds to update this `ClockSource`.
     /// The `ClockSource` also calculates a reliable `Coeff` based on the counter's frequency and
     /// the maximum delay seconds. This `Coeff` is used to convert the number of cycles into
     /// the duration of time that has passed for those cycles.
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ impl ClockSource {
         read_cycles: Arc<dyn Fn() -> u64 + Sync + Send>,
     ) -> Self {
         let base = ClockSourceBase::new(freq, max_delay_secs);
-        // Too big `max_delay_secs` will lead to a low resolution Coeff.
+        // Too big `max_delay_secs` will lead to a low resolution `Coeff`.
         debug_assert!(max_delay_secs < 600);
         let coeff = Coeff::new(NANOS_PER_SECOND as u64, freq, max_delay_secs * freq);
         Self {
diff --git a/kernel/comps/time/src/lib.rs b/kernel/comps/time/src/lib.rs
index 455c7a921..cde6ecb8c 100644
--- a/kernel/comps/time/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kernel/comps/time/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
 
 //! The system time of Asterinas.
+
 #![feature(let_chains)]
 #![no_std]
 #![deny(unsafe_code)]
@@ -10,10 +11,8 @@ extern crate alloc;
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use core::time::Duration;
 
-use clocksource::ClockSource;
-pub use clocksource::Instant;
+pub use clocksource::{ClockSource, Instant};
 use component::{init_component, ComponentInitError};
-use ostd::sync::Mutex;
 use rtc::Driver;
 use spin::Once;
 
@@ -21,9 +20,8 @@ mod clocksource;
 mod rtc;
 mod tsc;
 
-pub const NANOS_PER_SECOND: u32 = 1_000_000_000;
-pub static VDSO_DATA_HIGH_RES_UPDATE_FN: Once<Arc<dyn Fn(Instant, u64) + Sync + Send>> =
-    Once::new();
+pub static VDSO_DATA_HIGH_RES_UPDATE_FN: Once<fn(Instant, u64)> = Once::new();
+
 static RTC_DRIVER: Once<Arc<dyn Driver + Send + Sync>> = Once::new();
 
 #[init_component]
@@ -45,50 +43,20 @@ pub struct SystemTime {
     pub nanos: u64,
 }
 
-impl SystemTime {
-    pub(crate) const fn zero() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            year: 0,
-            month: 0,
-            day: 0,
-            hour: 0,
-            minute: 0,
-            second: 0,
-            nanos: 0,
-        }
-    }
-}
+static START_TIME: Once<SystemTime> = Once::new();
 
-pub(crate) static READ_TIME: Mutex<SystemTime> = Mutex::new(SystemTime::zero());
-pub(crate) static START_TIME: Once<SystemTime> = Once::new();
-
-/// get real time
-pub fn get_real_time() -> SystemTime {
-    read()
-}
-
-pub fn read() -> SystemTime {
-    update_time();
-    *READ_TIME.lock()
-}
-
-fn update_time() {
-    let mut lock = READ_TIME.lock();
-    *lock = RTC_DRIVER.get().unwrap().read_rtc();
-}
-
-/// Return the `START_TIME`, which is the actual time when doing calibrate.
+/// Returns the `START_TIME`, which is the system time when calibrating.
 pub fn read_start_time() -> SystemTime {
     *START_TIME.get().unwrap()
 }
 
-/// Return the monotonic time from the tsc clocksource.
+/// Returns the monotonic time from the TSC clocksource.
 pub fn read_monotonic_time() -> Duration {
     let instant = tsc::read_instant();
     Duration::new(instant.secs(), instant.nanos())
 }
 
-/// Return the tsc clocksource.
+/// Returns the default (TSC) clocksource.
 pub fn default_clocksource() -> Arc<ClockSource> {
     tsc::CLOCK.get().unwrap().clone()
 }
diff --git a/kernel/comps/time/src/tsc.rs b/kernel/comps/time/src/tsc.rs
index dab55ffa6..c8ad04738 100644
--- a/kernel/comps/time/src/tsc.rs
+++ b/kernel/comps/time/src/tsc.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
 
 //! This module provide a instance of `ClockSource` based on TSC.
-//!
-//! Use `init` to initialize this module.
+
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
 
@@ -17,12 +16,12 @@ use crate::{
     START_TIME, VDSO_DATA_HIGH_RES_UPDATE_FN,
 };
 
-/// A instance of TSC clocksource.
-pub static CLOCK: Once<Arc<ClockSource>> = Once::new();
+/// An instance of the TSC clocksource.
+pub(super) static CLOCK: Once<Arc<ClockSource>> = Once::new();
 
 const MAX_DELAY_SECS: u64 = 100;
 
-/// Init tsc clocksource module.
+/// Initializes the TSC clocksource module.
 pub(super) fn init() {
     init_clock();
     calibrate();
@@ -39,15 +38,15 @@ fn init_clock() {
     });
 }
 
-/// Calibrate the TSC and system time based on the RTC time.
+/// Calibrates the TSC and system time based on the RTC time.
 fn calibrate() {
     let clock = CLOCK.get().unwrap();
     let cycles = clock.read_cycles();
     clock.calibrate(cycles);
-    START_TIME.call_once(crate::read);
+    START_TIME.call_once(|| crate::RTC_DRIVER.get().unwrap().read_rtc());
 }
 
-/// Read an `Instant` of tsc clocksource.
+/// Reads an `Instant` of the TSC clocksource.
 pub(super) fn read_instant() -> Instant {
     let clock = CLOCK.get().unwrap();
     clock.read_instant()
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ fn update_clocksource() {
     let clock = CLOCK.get().unwrap();
     clock.update();
 
-    // Update vdso data.
+    // Update vDSO data.
     if let Some(update_fn) = VDSO_DATA_HIGH_RES_UPDATE_FN.get() {
         let (last_instant, last_cycles) = clock.last_record();
         update_fn(last_instant, last_cycles);
@@ -84,6 +83,6 @@ fn init_timer() {
         }
     };
 
-    // TODO: re-organize the code structure and use the `Timer` to achieve the updating.
+    // TODO: Re-organize the code structure and use the `Timer` to achieve the updating.
     timer::register_callback_on_cpu(update);
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/vdso.rs b/kernel/src/vdso.rs
index 0211c329e..30f72ebb4 100644
--- a/kernel/src/vdso.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/vdso.rs
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ pub(super) fn init_in_first_kthread() {
     init_start_secs_count();
     init_vdso();
 
-    aster_time::VDSO_DATA_HIGH_RES_UPDATE_FN.call_once(|| Arc::new(update_vdso_high_res_instant));
+    aster_time::VDSO_DATA_HIGH_RES_UPDATE_FN.call_once(|| update_vdso_high_res_instant);
 
     // Coarse resolution clock IDs directly read the instant stored in vDSO data without
     // using coefficients for calculation, thus the related instant requires more frequent updating.